The present study has been devoted to the morphological variations within ACACIA SEYAL Var. SEYAL, one of the multipurpose wide-spread leguminous trees in Africa and Asia. Three categories within this variety, differentiated by bark color, have been studied at mature and seedling's stages. The study has entailed quantitative measurements that ananlysed statistically where significant differences were detected among the measurable data. Consequently, three different forms, following the bark color have been suggested.

Fodder trees and shrubs are crucial sources of animal feed in Sudan, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. This is because they can fill up the feed gaps in the summer period when grassland growth is limited due to unfavorable weather conditions.The study was conducted in Elnour forest-southeastern Sudan in 2015, which is dominated byACACIA SEYAL. The objectives of this study were to estimate the browse productivity, and to establish relationships with the crown area forACACIA SEYAL. The twig-count method described in this study converts a count of twigs to weight of browse by use of an average weight per twig for individual trees. Regression analysis was used to establish relationships between browse biomass and crown area. The average available browse (8.1 kg/ha) and tree density (162 tree/ha) forACACIA SEYAL was low in the study area that makes the density as the main factor that determine the amount of available browse/ha. Strong positive correlations were found between browse biomass productivity (available and total browse) and crown area with average values of 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. The study concluded that crown area as the main parameters used for predicting the browse biomass productivity. It is recommended that more effort be made to expand the use of more species to investigate the relationships between browse biomass productivity and growth parameters.

Cryopreservation or storage at -196oC is a new and most important method of preserving plant species materials for a long period of time. Using cryopreservation, most of seeds, vegetative organs, cells, and pollens can be preserved for a long time. Cryogenic conditions stop much of the metabolic processes of the cells and, period of preservation dramatically increases. Seeds of ACACIA nilotica and ACACIA tortilis were collected from Hormozgan provience, located in south part of Iran. Three pretreatments including vitrification (PVS2), desiccation and 30% glycerol were applied before transferring the seeds into liquid nitrogen. Seeds were stored in liquid nitrogen for one month. Following removal from liquid nitrogen, the seeds were subjected to heat shock (+42oC) and germinated under laboratory conditions. Different attributes including seed germination percentage, root and shoot length, germination speed, root/shoot length ratio and seed vigor index (VI) were recorded and statistically analyzed. Second sample of the same seeds were sown in pots and grown under greenhouse conditions. High seed germination percentage (<80%, <75% and<41% for ACACIA nilotica and ACACIA tortilis respectively) and other attributes, either in laboratory or greenhouse conditions revealed the cryotolerance of seeds of the species. In greenhouse experiments, plants developed from cryogenic seeds grew normally and did not show any abnormality compared to those of the control plants. In general, results of the present study indicated that cryopreservation (-196oC) technology can be used for long-term preservation of ACACIA nilotica and ACACIA tortilis seeds.

Gum arabic or gum ACACIA is oldest and best known of all the natural gums. Gum arabic is one of carbohydrat's gum group that is nutritive and demulcent, and exerts a soothing influence upon irritated or inflamed mucous tissues, by shielding them from the influence of deleterious agents, atmospheric air, etc In this investigation gum of ACACIA nilotica plaqt collected from farm of medicinal plant Research in Booshehr province for study quantitative and qualitative. In this study quantitative, determination of carbohydrate has done by Antron method by spectrophotometry (HITACHI 340 ) in 625 nm. The percent of total carbohydrates in gum arabic is 6.51 %. Also in this study qualitative specified that there are pentoses and hexoses and uronic acid in gum arabic by TLC method. In this method used- methylethylketone several reagentes and solventes that best is formic acid - tertiary butal1ol- water and anisidine - phthalic acid - ethanol.

Drought stress is the most important abiotic stress that affects the growth and development of plants. One of the strategies for soil moisture management and plant tolerance to drought stress is the use of organic materials compatible with the environment, including superabsorbent polymers. In order to investigate some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of ACACIA seedlings, this research was conducted with three types of superabsorbent polymers (A200, SNF and Barbary) at three concentrations (0, 1 and 2 g/kg) at three levels of drought stress (one week, two weeks and three weeks irrigation intervals). This experiment was factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications under field condition. The results showed that drought stress caused a significant decrease in fresh and dry weight of shoot, photosynthesis, transpiration, relative water content, chlorophyll and carotenoid content and significantly increased ion leakage, proline and total carbohydrates. The application of superabsorbent polymers increased the tolerance of ACACIA to drought stress so that the use of 1 g/kg Barbary superabsorbent polymers in the first week had the highest shoot fresh weight (144 g) and the amount of chlorophyll (1.73 mg/g fw). in the first week, the use of 1 g/kg A200 superabsorbent polymer increased the rate of photosynthesis by 5.48% and the use of 2 g/kg A200 increased the rate of transpiration by 41.66% and the relative water content of leaves by 11.06% compared to control (0 gr/kg A200). Also, in the first week, the use of 2 g/kg SNF super absorbent increased the amount of carotenoids by 36.58% compared to 0 g/kg SNF. The use of 2 g/kg A200 in the third week reduced ion leakage by 22.50% compared to 0 g/kg A200 in the first week. The use of SNF superabsorbent at a concentration of 1 g/kg in the first week reduced the amount of proline by 22.08% compared to 0 gr/kg SNF. Therefore, the use of superabsorbent polymers especially Barbary increases the tolerance of Acasia to drought stress.

In order to survey of possibility of particle board production with «ACACIA salicina » the effectiveness of three factor (treatment) included adhesive percentage (in two surface: %9 and %11) temperature degree (in two surface 165oc and 175oc) pressing time (in three surface: 5.6 and 7 minutes) on mechanical (MOR, MOE, IB) and physical (TS2, TS24) properties were experimented with E.N standard. Therefore 36 boards were prepared for mechanical and physical tests. Data were analyzed with appropriated statistical method. Results indicate %11 adhesive, 165oc temperature degrees and 6 minutes press time is best condition for production. However the results showed more than standard IB (1.24 Mpa) probably due to its wood chemistry. Therefore this species could be a suitable source to produce particle board.

In this study was purposed to investigate the absorption of zinc by ACACIA victoriae. The one year old shrubs were randomly selected in 3 replications and exposed by Zinc-sulfate in four concentration (0, 50, 250, 500 mg/l). Some of the morphological and physiological properties such as plant height, collar diameter, leaf number and area, green and dry weight of plant, tolerance index, grade of growth inhibition and chlorophyll content as well as bioaccumulations of Zn in different plant tissues were evaluated. Results showed that the properties were significantly affected by Zn. However, the effect of high concentration of Zn slight had as well as tree on effects series any have didn't that, properties the in decreasethe signs of toxicity with zinc, addition In. observed not was the amounts of accumulation of Zn in the roots were higher than aboveground tissues, so that about 80% of Zn (4794. 5 mg/kg), more than 13% of Zn (797. 9 mg/kg), and about 7% of Zn (488. 35 mg/kg) were accumulated in the root tissues, the stem tissues, and the leaves, respectively. The bioaccumulation and transfer factors were also measured to higher one and lower one, respectively. Generally, the result demonstrated that the ACACIA victoriae could be affected as a phytoremediation in reduction of soil pollution to Zn.

Two biotrophic plant parasitic fungi viz. Phyllactinia ACACIAe and Ravenelia sp. are newly reported from Iran on ACACIA oerfota (Forssk. ) Schweinf (Fabaceae). Both taxa are documented by describing morphological features and providing photomicrographs. This is the first report of leaf parasitic fungi on ACACIA in Iran. Moreover, Ravenelia is a new genus for Iranian rust mycobiota. We also report P. ACACIAe as a new powdery mildew from Western Asia. Study of the following specimen of ACACIA oerfota collected from southern Iran revealed that the specimen was infected by a rust fungus and powdery mildew at the same time: On ACACIA oerfota, Southern Iran, Hormozgan province, Bandar-Abbas towards Minab, Chah-Esmaiel village, alt. 150 m, 23 April 2000, Z. Ghanbari and M. Moghadam (IRAN17404F) Phyllactinia ACACIAe Syd., Annls mycol. 33(3/4): 233 (1935) Mycelium effuse, lightly infected both sides of the leaves,hyphae up to 5 μ, m wide,conodiophores about 70-92. 5 × 5-6 μ, m, arising from external hyphae, on upper side of the mother cells, mostly erect, forming conidia singly,conidia 41-55 × 9. 5-12. 5 μ, m, cylindrical, cylindrical-clavate, rounded or nearly rounded at both ends, sometimes with lateral walls somewhat concave, germ tubes arising from an end of the conidium,chasmothecia missing. Dimension of the conidia in examined material fit those reported by (Doidge 1948) from South Africa and were smaller than measurements given at the protologue by Sydow (1935). Ravenelia sp. Uredinia on adaxila surface of leaflets, scattered, in small groups or sometimes forming a circle around a central sorus, dark cinnamon-brown, with abundant clavate or clavetely capitate paraphyses up to 13 μ, m wide in head, wall hyaline, uniformly 1. 5-2 μ, m thick, sometimes slightly thicker at apex,urediniospores 27. 5-40 × 17-22. 5 μ, m, obovoid, elongated-obovoid, ellipsoid, oblong or sometimes with irregular shapes, wall uniformly 1. 5-2 μ, m thick, echinulate, echinulae 1. 5-2 μ, m apart, germ pores 8-11, bizonate. All across the world, members of 15 rust genera have been reported on ACACIA species (Farr and Rossman n. d. ). The above studied specimen takes place in the genus Ravenelia by having uredo-type uredinia with thin walled clavate-capitate paraphyses and urediniospores with echinulate ornamentation and bizonate germ pores. There are more than 70 species of the genus Ravenelia reported on ACACIA across the globe (Farr and Rossman n. d. ). This is a difficult task to identify Iranian specimen at the species level in the absence of telial stage. Comparing with authentic herbarium specimens and also molecular data might be useful for species identification of above specimen.